Understanding Neuropathy: What It Is and Why It Happens

If you’ve ever felt tingling, burning, or numbness in your hands or feet, you’re not alone. These symptoms could be signs of a condition called neuropathy — a disorder that affects the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. But what exactly is neuropathy, and why does it happen?

Let’s break it down.

What Is Neuropathy?

Neuropathy (short for peripheral neuropathy) occurs when your peripheral nerves — the ones that connect your brain and spinal cord to the rest of your body — become damaged or irritated.

These nerves help control everything from movement to feeling temperature or pain. When they’re not working properly, it can lead to uncomfortable or even painful symptoms that affect your quality of life.

Common Symptoms of Neuropathy

Symptoms can vary depending on which nerves are affected, but the most common include:

• Tingling or “pins and needles”

• Burning or sharp pain

• Numbness or reduced sensation

• Muscle weakness

• Sensitivity to touch

• Balance issues

Some people experience symptoms that come and go, while others may notice them progressing over time.

What Causes Neuropathy?

There are many causes, but here are a few of the most common:

• Diabetes – One of the leading causes. High blood sugar levels can damage nerves over time.

• Injury or trauma – Car accidents, sports injuries, or repetitive motion can damage nerves.

• Vitamin deficiencies – Especially B12 or B6.

• Autoimmune conditions – Like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

• Infections – Such as shingles or Lyme disease.

• Toxin exposure – Including alcohol, chemotherapy, or environmental toxins.

In some cases, the exact cause is unknown — this is called idiopathic neuropathy.

Can Neuropathy Be Treated?

Yes! While nerve damage can be tricky to reverse, there are effective treatments that can slow progression, reduce pain, and improve function — especially when caught early.

Many patients explore:

• Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, quitting smoking)

• Physical therapy

• Non-invasive treatments

• Alternative and holistic approaches (depending on the clinic or provider)

The key is finding a personalized plan that targets the root cause and supports your overall nerve health.

The Takeaway

If you’re feeling unusual sensations in your hands, feet, or legs — don’t ignore them. Neuropathy is common, but it’s not “just part of getting older.” Early intervention can make a huge difference in your comfort and long-term health.

Ready to take the next step? Talk to a neuropathy specialist about your symptoms and start building a plan that works for you — medication-free, surgery-free options might be closer than you think.